本文来说下Spring Security:基于MySQL数据库的身份认证和角色授权 。本文为了上手简单,只用了一张user表。
JAVA数据库。需求缘起
在前面我们使用基于内存的方式体验了下Spring Security,在实际项目中,都是需要数据库进行操作的。
编码思路
本节使用MySQL数据库进行操作,需要添加MySQL数据库的驱动包以及配置好数据源和mybatis。
redis认证,创建一个 SpringBoot 模块项目,选择相关依赖:
先搭建项目正常访问,在pom.xml中,先把Spring Security依赖注释
创建一张用户表,并且在里面添加两条数据
Spring Authorization Server?在MySQL数据库中创建一张用户表,id主键自增,并添加两个用户如下:
create database Security;use Security;drop table if exists user;create table user
(id int auto_increment primary key comment '用户ID',username varchar(20) comment '用户名字',password varchar(100) comment '用户密码(加密后的)',role varchar(10) comment '用户角色(可以把这个抽出来,因为一个用户可能不止一个角色)'
);insert into user (username, password, role)
VALUES ('root', '123456', 'root'),('admin', '123456', 'admin');
创建pojo实体类
创建一个创建pojo实体类
package cn.wideth.entity.security;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserInfo {private int id;private String username;private String password;private String role;
}
创建UserMapper接口
package cn.wideth.mapper;import cn.wideth.entity.security.UserInfo;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;@Repository
public interface UserMapper {//通过用户名查询用户UserInfo getUserByName(@Param("username") String username);}
创建UserMapper.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" ><mapper namespace="cn.wideth.mapper.UserMapper"><select id="getUserByName" resultType="cn.wideth.entity.security.UserInfo">select * from user where username = #{username}</select></mapper>
创建IUserService
package cn.wideth.service;import cn.wideth.entity.security.UserInfo;public interface IUserService {UserInfo getUserByName(String username);
}
创建UserServiceImpl
package cn.wideth.service.impl;import cn.wideth.entity.security.UserInfo;
import cn.wideth.mapper.UserMapper;
import cn.wideth.service.IUserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {@Autowiredprivate UserMapper userMapper;@Overridepublic UserInfo getUserByName(String username) {return userMapper.getUserByName(username);}
}
配置application.yml文件
server:port: 9090spring:datasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/security?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8username: rootpassword: we18256987759
# redis:
# host: localhost
# port: 6379profiles:include: configmybatis:config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xmlmapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xmluser:name: admin
编写UserController
package cn.wideth.controller;import cn.wideth.entity.security.UserInfo;
import cn.wideth.service.IUserService;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/user")
@Api(description = "权限测试", tags = "权限测试")
public class UserController {@Autowiredprivate IUserService iUserService;@GetMapping("/getUser")@ApiOperation(value = "用户权限测试接口", notes = "用户权限测试接口")public UserInfo getUser(@RequestParam String username) {return iUserService.getUserByName(username);}
}
启动项目,进行测试
访问http://localhost:9090/api/user/getUser?username=root
把pom.xml中的Spring Security依赖注释去掉
出现默认的登录页面
自定义LoginUserDetailsService
自定义一个UserDetailsService,取名为LoginUserDetailService,该类需要实现接口UserDetailsService,主要是实现loadUserByUsername方法:
package cn.wideth.config;import cn.wideth.entity.security.UserInfo;
import cn.wideth.service.IUserService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/**** 该类需要实现接口UserDetailsService,* 主要是实现loadUserByUsername方法:* 用来加载用户保存在数据库中的登录信息*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class LoginUserDetailService implements UserDetailsService {@Autowiredprivate IUserService iUserService;@Autowiredprivate PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;@Overridepublic UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {log.info("用户的登录信息被加载了");//通过username获取用户信息UserInfo userInfo = iUserService.getUserByName(username);log.info("数据库中保存的用户信息" + userInfo);if(userInfo == null) {throw new UsernameNotFoundException("not found");}//定义权限列表.List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();// 用户可以访问的资源名称(或者说用户所拥有的权限) 注意:必须"ROLE_"开头authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_"+userInfo.getRole()));//注意这里的user为security内置的用户类型,类型为org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserUser userDetails = new User(userInfo.getUsername(),passwordEncoder.encode(userInfo.getPassword()),authorities);log.info(userDetails.toString());return userDetails;}}
说明:
(1) 通过username获取用户的信息。
(2) 定义一个User(实现了接口UserDetails)对象,返回用户的username,passowrd和权限列表。
(3) 需要注意,定义角色集的时候,需要添加前缀“ROLE_”。
(4) 这里的密码需要使用PasswordEncoder进行加密,否则会报“无效的凭证”。
配置SecurityConfig
package cn.wideth.config;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;/*** Security配置*/
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {@Autowiredprivate LoginUserDetailService loginUserDetailService;/*** 强散列哈希加密实现*/@Beanpublic PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();}/*** 身份认证接口*/@Overrideprotected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {// 从数据库读取的用户进行身份认证auth.userDetailsService(loginUserDetailService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());}}
启动项目,进行测试
输入数据库中不存在的用户名或者密码,无法登录
输入正确的用户名和密码,可以登录。
本文简单介绍了Spring Security,基于MySQL数据库的身份认证,后面会在此基础之上进行详细的后续知识介绍。
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