SpringCloud系列-Ribbon的基本应用

2023-09-16 阅读 14 评论 0

摘要：一Ribbon简介 Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器，它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后，Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法，自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法，例如轮询、随机等。

一 Ribbon简介

Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器，它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后，Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法，自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法，例如轮询、随机等。当然，我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
在Spring Cloud中，当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时，Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表，并基于负载均衡算法，请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构。

二新建microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon项目

1 为RestTemplate添加注解@LoadBalanced

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerMovieApplication {@Bean@LoadBalancedpublic RestTemplate restTemplate() {return new RestTemplate();}public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ConsumerMovieApplication.class, args);}
}

2 修改Controller代码

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import com.itmuch.cloud.study.user.entity.User;@RestController
public class MovieController {private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MovieController.class);@Autowiredprivate RestTemplate restTemplate;@Autowiredprivate LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;@GetMapping("/user/{id}")public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {//VIP:virtual IPreturn this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://microservice-provider-user/" + id, User.class);}@GetMapping("/log-user-instance")public void logUserInstance() {ServiceInstance serviceInstance = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("microservice-provider-user");// 打印当前选择的是哪个节点MovieController.LOGGER.info("{}:{}:{}", serviceInstance.getServiceId(), serviceInstance.getHost(), serviceInstance.getPort());}
}

3 配置文件

server:port: 8010
spring:application:name: microservice-consumer-movie
eureka:client:serviceUrl:defaultZone:http://localhost:8761/eureka/instance:prefer-ip-address: true

三测试

启动eureka微服务
启动movie-ribbon微服务
启动一个user微服务

测试结果：

Spring cloud gateway？
4 启动另外一个user微服务方法

修改user微服务的端口如下：

server:port: 8001
spring:application:name: microservice-provider-userjpa:generate-ddl: falseshow-sql: truehibernate:ddl-auto: nonedatasource:                           # 指定数据源platform: h2                        # 指定数据源类型schema: classpath:schema.sql        # 指定h2数据库的建表脚本data: classpath:data.sql            # 指定h2数据库的数据脚本
logging:                                # 配置日志级别，让hibernate打印出执行的SQLlevel:root: INFOorg.hibernate: INFOorg.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACEorg.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE
eureka:client:healthcheck:enabled: trueserviceUrl:defaultZone:http://localhost:8761/eureka/#defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka/instance:prefer-ip-address: true

启动第2个user微服务后

Spring事务。5 9次访问http://localhost:8010/user/1 ，可以得出ribbon默认采用轮询的方式进行负载均衡
5次访问8000端口

2018-06-16 08:56:41.277  INFO 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2018-06-16 08:56:41.277  INFO 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2018-06-16 08:56:41.315  INFO 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 38 ms
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:41.439 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder      : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:41.454 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:41.455 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:41.455 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [张三]
2018-06-16 08:56:41.457 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:49.171 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder      : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:49.171 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:49.171 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:49.172 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [张三]
2018-06-16 08:56:49.172 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:53.448 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder      : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:53.448 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:53.448 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:53.448 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [张三]
2018-06-16 08:56:53.449 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:57.129 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder      : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:57.130 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:57.130 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:57.130 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [张三]
2018-06-16 08:56:57.130 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
2018-06-16 08:58:45.337  INFO 3396 --- [trap-executor-0] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver      : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:58:49.603 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-5] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder      : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:58:49.603 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-5] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:58:49.603 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-5] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:58:49.603 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-5] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [张三]
2018-06-16 08:58:49.603 TRACE 3396 --- [nio-8000-exec-5] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]

4次访问8001端口


2018-06-16 08:56:39.230  INFO 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2018-06-16 08:56:39.231  INFO 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2018-06-16 08:56:39.423  INFO 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 192 ms
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:39.553 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder      : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:39.567 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:39.568 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:39.569 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [瀵姳绗乚
2018-06-16 08:56:39.569 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-1] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:44.995 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder      : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:44.996 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:44.996 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:44.996 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [瀵姳绗乚
2018-06-16 08:56:44.996 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-2] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:51.624 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder      : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:51.624 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:51.624 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:51.624 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [瀵姳绗乚
2018-06-16 08:56:51.624 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-3] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.balance as balance3_0_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_0_, user0_.username as username5_0_0_ from user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-06-16 08:56:55.351 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder      : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]
2018-06-16 08:56:55.352 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([age2_0_0_] : [INTEGER]) - [20]
2018-06-16 08:56:55.352 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([balance3_0_0_] : [NUMERIC]) - [100.00]
2018-06-16 08:56:55.352 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([name4_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [瀵姳绗乚
2018-06-16 08:56:55.352 TRACE 11828 --- [nio-8001-exec-4] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor   : extracted value ([username5_0_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [account1]
2018-06-16 08:57:11.589  INFO 11828 --- [trap-executor-0] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver      : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration
2018-06-16 09:02:11.591  INFO 11828 --- [trap-executor-0] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver      : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration

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